Arteriovenous Shunts: Their Location and Role in Physiology, Pathology, and Tissue Transfer. A Preliminary Report in the Upper Limb.

Background: Tiny arteriovenous (AV) shunts of 10-150 µm (0.01-0.15 mm) are documented in the hands and feet.

International consensus recommendations on face transplantation: A 2-step Delphi study.

Face transplantation is a viable reconstructive approach for severe craniofacial defects. Despite the evolution witnessed in the field, ethical aspects, clinical and psychosocial implications, public perception, and economic sustainability remain the subject of debate and unanswered questions. Furthermore, poor data reporting and sharing, the absence of standardized metrics for outcome evaluation, and the lack of consensus definitions of success and failure have hampered the development of a "transplantation culture" on a global scale.

Bipedicled Scrotal Flap for Penile Resurfacing.

Background: Acquired penile defects can be secondary to various pathologic conditions, including infection, scar, or complications following urologic procedures. Penis defects with skin deficit carry a distinct challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Scrotal flaps can provide reliable coverage and can restore distinct qualities of native penile skin.

Free Your Mind, Not Your Flap.

The pedicled flap has been a mainstay of soft tissue reconstruction since the earliest days of plastic surgery. Advances in surgical technology and skill have led to an erosion in the use of pedicled flaps in favor of increasingly popular free tissue transfers. Still, regional flaps without microvascular anastomosis remain a valuable reconstructive tool.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications following operative treatment of distal radius fracture.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and postoperative complications for patients receiving distal radius fracture (DRF) open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods: From 2007 to 2018, patients undergoing operative treatment for distal radius fracture were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients were separated into 2 cohorts: non-COPD and COPD patients.