Detection of necrotic enteritis risk through non-invasive monitoring of Clostridium perfringens in feces.

Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by the gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium perfringens, results in an estimated $6 billion in annual economic losses to the global poultry industry. C. perfringens is part of the normal microflora of the poultry gastrointestinal tract, but damage to the intestinal epithelium can lead to increased cell proliferation and production of toxins which gives rise to disease.

Comparing Raman Spectroscopy-Based Artificial Intelligence to High-Definition White Light Endoscopy for Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastric Neoplasia: A Feasibility Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Endoscopic assessment for the diagnosis of gastric cancer is limited by interoperator variability and lack of real-time capability. Recently, Raman spectroscopy-based artificial intelligence (AI) has been proposed as a solution to overcome these limitations.

Objective: To compare the performance of the AI-enabled Raman spectroscopy with that of high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) for the risk classification of gastric lesions.

SLAMF7 defines subsets of human effector CD8 T cells.

Long-term control of viral replication relies on the efficient differentiation of memory T cells into effector T cells during secondary immune responses. Recent findings have identified T cell precursors for both memory and exhausted T cells, suggesting the existence of progenitor-like effector T cells. These cells can persist without antigenic challenge but expand and acquire effector functions upon recall immune responses.

A meta-analytic investigation of the effect of sleep deprivation on inhibitory control.

Sleep deprivation may have a deleterious effect on inhibitory control; however, this effect is not consistent across studies. To arrive at an overall estimate of the relationship between sleep deprivation and inhibitory control, this report used meta-analysis to summarise the magnitude of the effects of sleep deprivation on inhibitory control as measured by the Go/No-Go and Stop Signal Tasks. These are two widely used tasks in the literature.