PhenoBench: A Large Dataset and Benchmarks for Semantic Image Interpretation in the Agricultural Domain.

The production of food, feed, fiber, and fuel is a key task of agriculture, which has to cope with many challenges in the upcoming decades, e.g., a higher demand, climate change, lack of workers, and the availability of arable land.

Effects of Weight Change and Weight Cycling on Lung Function in Overweight and Obese Adults.

Epidemiological studies have reported on the detrimental effects on lung function after natural, and thus limited, weight gain in unselected populations. Studies on bariatric surgery, on the contrary, have indicated large improvements in lung function after substantial weight loss. To study the associations between profound weight loss or gain and pulmonary function within the same population.

Prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for NAFLD in people with type 1 diabetes.

Background & Aims: The epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is not yet elucidated. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for NAFLD, to investigate the prevalence and severity of NAFLD, and to search for factors contributing to NAFLD in people with T1D.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we consecutively screened 530 adults with T1D from a tertiary care hospital, using ultrasound (US), vibration-controlled transient elastography equipped with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter, and the fatty liver index.

Asthma occurrence in children and early life systemic antibiotic use: an incidence density study.

Background: Results of studies evaluating the relationship between asthma occurrence and early life antibiotic use have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occurrence of asthma in children and systemic antibiotic use in the first year of life based on an incidence density study with careful consideration of the temporal aspects of the determinant-outcome relationship.

Methods: We conducted an incidence density study nested in a data collection project with information on 1128 mother-child pairs.

Knowledge, Perceptions and Reporting Practices of Theoretical Design in Causal Observational Epidemiological Studies on the Role of Antibiotic Use in the Occurrence of Asthma in Children.

Good research is driven by study design encompassing theoretical design, design of data collection and design of data processing. In epidemiological research, theoretical design is based on a functional relationship between the occurrence and determinants studied (occurrence function) and should also define that part of the theoretical population and the context to which the results pertain (domain). Both are essential for the design of data collection, the design of data processing and the interpretation of the study results and should be explicitly reported.