The eye of Vesalius.

In the time of Vesalius, knowledge of ocular anatomy was limited. The first description of the anatomy of the eye comes from Democrites, for whom the eye was surrounded by two 'coats', filled with a homogenous fluid. The optic nerve was hollow and the lens was considered to be a postmortem artefact.

Added value of infrared, red-free and autofluorescence fundus imaging in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Purpose: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene and primarily affects the oculocutaneous and cardiovascular systems. However, the phenotype, including the ophthalmological manifestations, varies in severity. The present study aims to evaluate the added value of novel funduscopic imaging techniques, such as near-infrared reflectance, red-free and autofluorescence imaging in PXE.

Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) with electronegative ERG: a case report.

Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) should be suspected in patients who present with visual symptoms such as rapid unexplained visual loss and seeing shimmering lights, with an abnormal ERG. Electronegative ERG responses are not exclusive to melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) but may be seen in CAR as well. We describe a patient with CAR who presented with an electronegative ERG.

Iatrogenic ocular vascular occlusions: case reports.

Report of two patients with severe loss of visual acuity after surgery in the head and neck area. Ophthalmic examination and imaging studies demonstrate an occlusion of the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries. In both cases, the underlying physiopathology is the embolisation by an intra-operatively injected substance.