Progression of diabetic retinopathy in women with pregestational diabetes during pregnancy and postpartum.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) may worsen during pregnancy, but its course in the postpartum remains poorly understood. Understanding the natural history of DR during and after pregnancy can help determine when sight-threatening DR treatment should be administered.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited pregnant women with pre-existing type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes from two tertiary Diabetes Antenatal Clinics in Melbourne, Australia.

Forest cover percentage drives the peak biting time of Nyssorhynchus darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: Deforestation is an important driver of malaria dynamics, with a relevant impact on mosquito ecology, including larval habitat availability, blood-feeding behaviour, and peak biting time. The latter is one of several entomological metrics to evaluate vectorial capacity and effectiveness of disease control. This study aimed to test the effect of forest cover percentage on the peak biting time of Plasmodium-uninfected and infected Nyssorhynchus darlingi females.

Effect of spatiotemporal variables on abundance, biting activity and parity of Nyssorhynchus darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) in peri-Iquitos, Peru.

Background: In malaria endemic regions of the Peruvian Amazon, rainfall together with river level and breeding site availability drive fluctuating vector mosquito abundance and human malaria cases, leading to temporal heterogeneity. The main variables influencing spatial transmission include location of communities, mosquito behaviour, land use/land cover, and human ecology/behaviour. The main objective was to evaluate seasonal and microgeographic biting behaviour of the malaria vector Nyssorhynchus (or Anopheles) darlingi in Amazonian Peru and to investigate effects of seasonality on malaria transmission.

Mutations Linked to Insecticide Resistance Not Detected in the or Genes in from Multiple Localities in Amazonian Brazil and Peru.

Indoor residual spray (IRS), mainly employing pyrethroid insecticides, is the most common intervention for preventing malaria transmission in many regions of Latin America; the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) has been more limited. Knockdown resistance () is a well-characterized target-site resistance mechanism associated with pyrethroid and DDT resistance. Most mutations detected in acetylcholinesterase-1 () and voltage-gated sodium channel () genes are non-synonymous, resulting in a change in amino acid, leading to the non-binding of the insecticide.

Development and Optimization of the Veterans Affairs' National Heart Failure Dashboard for Population Health Management.

Background: In 2020, the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system deployed a heart failure (HF) dashboard for use nationally. The initial version was notably imprecise and unreliable for the identification of HF subtypes. We describe the development and subsequent optimization of the VA national HF dashboard.