3D Cryo-Correlative Methods to Study Virus Structure and Dynamics Within Cells.

Understanding the dynamic processes involving virus structural components within host cells is crucial for comprehending viral infection, as viruses rely entirely on host cells for replication. Viral infection involves various intracellular stages, including cell entry, genome uncoating, replication, transcription and translation, assembly of new virus particles in a complex morphogenetic process, and the release of new virions from the host cell. These events are dynamic and scarce and can be obscured by other cellular processes, necessitating novel approaches for their in situ characterization.

Exploring the utilization and deficiencies of Generative Artificial Intelligence in students' cognitive and emotional needs: a systematic mini-review.

Despite advances in educational technology, the specific ways in which Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) and Large Language Models cater to learners' nuanced cognitive and emotional needs are not fully understood. This mini-review methodically describes GAI's practical implementations and limitations in meeting these needs. It included journal and conference papers from 2019 to 2024, focusing on empirical studies that employ GAI tools in educational contexts while addressing their practical utility and ethical considerations.

Thermal Decomposition of Bio-Based Plastic Materials.

This research delves into a detailed exploration of the thermal decomposition behavior of bio-based polymers, specifically thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polylactic acid (PLA), under varying heating rates in a nitrogen atmosphere. This study employs thermogravimetry (TG) to investigate, providing comprehensive insights into the thermal stability of these eco-friendly polymers. In particular, the TPS kinetic model is examined, encompassing the decomposition of three distinct fractions.

Critical Factors Affecting the Selective Transformation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 3-Hydroxymethylcyclopentanone Over Ni Catalysts.

The ring-rearrangement of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 3-hydroxymethylcyclopentanone (HCPN) was investigated over Ni catalysts supported on different carbon supports and metallic oxides with different structure and acid-base properties. Their catalytic performance was tested in a batch stirred reactor in aqueous solution at 180 °C and 30 bar of H. Under these conditions, the HMF hydrogenation proceeds through three possible competitive routes: (i) a non-water path leading to the total hydrogenation product, 2,5-di-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran (DHMTHF), and two parallel acid-catalyzed water-mediated routes responsible for (ii) ring-opening and (iii) ring-rearrangement reaction products.

Analysis and removal of bisphenols in recycled plastics using polyethylene glycol.

This study examines the presence of bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), F (BPF), and M (BPM) in various recycled plastics readily available on the market (LDPE, HDPE, PET, and PP), in light of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) limits. Twenty samples of different origin are analyzed, cleaning treatments are applied, and the migration potential of these bisphenols into food is studied. BPM is absent in all samples, but a post-consumer recycled LDPE sample reveals high bisphenol concentrations, raising concerns, reaching 8540 ng/g, 370 ng/g, and 29 ng/g of BPA, BPS, and BPF, respectively.