Restoration of normal central pain processing following manual therapy in nonspecific chronic neck pain.

Objective: To determine if a 4-week manual therapy treatment restores normal functioning of central pain processing mechanisms in non-specific chronic neck pain (NSCNP), as well as the existence of a possible relationship between changes in pain processing mechanisms and clinical outcome.

Design: Cohort study.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with NSCNP, comprising 79% female, with a mean age of 45.

Short-term improvements in the body schema can modulate pain perception in fibromyalgia syndrome.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the pain perception and several aspects of disrupted body schema, in a sample of patients suffering from fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome.

Methods: Twenty-six patients were organised into two groups: the tactile discrimination group and control group (exposed to tactile stimulation alone). Outcome measures were the pain intensity in body regions commonly described as painful (visual analogue scale) and clinical status, body esteem scale (BES), interoceptive awareness.

True-color 3D rendering of human anatomy using surface-guided color sampling from cadaver cryosection image data: A practical approach.

Three-dimensional computer graphics are increasingly used for scientific visualization and for communicating anatomical knowledge and data. This study presents a practical method to produce true-color 3D surface renditions of anatomical structures. The procedure involves extracting the surface geometry of the structure of interest from a stack of cadaver cryosection images, using the extracted surface as a probe to retrieve color information from cryosection data, and mapping sampled colors back onto the surface model to produce a true-color rendition.

External surface anatomy of the postfolding human embryo: Computer-aided, three-dimensional reconstruction of printable digital specimens.

Opportunities for clinicians, researchers, and medical students to become acquainted with the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the human embryo have historically been limited. This work was aimed at creating a collection of digital, printable 3D surface models demonstrating major morphogenetic changes in the embryo's external anatomy, including typical features used for external staging. Twelve models were digitally reconstructed based on optical projection tomography, high-resolution episcopic microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging datasets of formalin-fixed specimens of embryos of developmental stages 12 through 23, that is, stages following longitudinal and transverse embryo folding.

Embedding interactive, three-dimensional content in portable document format to deliver gross anatomy information and knowledge.

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is likely the most widely used digital file format for scholarly and scientific electronic publishing. Since format specification version 1.6, three-dimensional (3D) models in Universal 3D (U3D) format can be embedded into PDF files.