In-vessel design of a two-color heterodyne laser interferometer system for SPARC.

This article covers the in-vessel design of the SPARC interferometry diagnostic system, highlighting unique aspects of the systems design and port plug integration in preparation for "day-1" plasma operations as a critical diagnostic for density feedback control. An early decision for the diagnostic was to deploy two lasers in the infrared wavelength spectrum, allowing the system to have a higher optical throughput. The optimization of the in-vessel geometry for the diagnostic follows a similar approach, focusing on de-risking possible damage to the plasma facing optical components by moving them further from the plasma with an orientation that provides a greater possibility for protective features to be added.

Transverse versus Vertical Incision in the Surgical Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

Objectives:  Traditionally, midline vertical skin incisions have been utilized during surgery for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), as it is considered to maximize exposure and allow for a uterine incision to avoid the placenta. However, literature directly comparing outcomes of vertical versus transverse incisions in PAS is sparse. Our objective was to compare maternal outcomes between patients who underwent a vertical versus a transverse skin incision for PAS.

Overview of the early campaign diagnostics for the SPARC tokamak (invited).

The SPARC tokamak is a high-field, Bt0 ∼12 T, medium-sized, R0 = 1.85 m, tokamak that is presently under construction in Devens, MA, led by Commonwealth Fusion Systems. It will be used to de-risk the high-field tokamak path to a fusion power plant and demonstrate the commercial viability of fusion energy.

Development of the neutral gas diagnostic system for neutral pressure measurements and gas analysis on the SPARC tokamak.

A suite of plasma diagnostics will be installed on the SPARC tokamak to allow for real-time plasma control, an investigation of high-field tokamak physics, and to de-risk the design of ARC, a compact fusion power plant with the aim to supply electricity to the grid. Among these diagnostics is the neutral gas diagnostics system (NTGS), a set of pressure sensors and gas analyzers used to monitor neutral pressure and gas composition for plasma control, optimization of wall conditioning, and helium ash removal, among other measurement functions linked to operational and scientific research needs. While reliable measurements of neutral pressure and gas composition have been fielded on existing magnetic-confinement fusion devices, SPARC represents a step increase in challenge due to its larger power density, higher field, high vacuum vessel bake temperatures, and higher neutron flux environment, as well as a step decrease in the accessibility for maintenance of in-vessel sensors.

Her2 amplification, Rel-A, and Bach1 can influence APOBEC3A expression in breast cancer cells.

APOBEC-induced mutations occur in 50% of sequenced human tumors, with APOBEC3A (A3A) being a major contributor to mutagenesis in breast cancer cells. The mechanisms that cause A3A activation and mutagenesis in breast cancers are still unknown. Here, we describe factors that influence basal A3A mRNA transcript levels in breast cancer cells.