[The role of anaesthesia in global health].

The article explores the role of anaesthesia in global health and highlights key initiatives such as the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery and the National Surgical, obstetric and Anaesthesia Plans (NSOAP). Recognizing the global disparities in anaesthesia education, the article mentions the varying standards of training for anaesthesia providers worldwide as well as the problem of low status of providers. The article underscores a shift in focus from traditional aid models to capacity-building approaches, risks associated with indiscriminate donations of tools and technology to low and middle-income countries, as well as both positive and negative aspects of investing in education and training programs.

Risk factors for ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection in COVID-19, a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Sweden.

Background: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) increase morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Higher incidences of VA-LRTI have been reported among COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary objectives of this study were to describe clinical characteristics, incidence, and risk factors comparing patients who developed VA-LRTI to patients who did not, in a cohort of Swedish ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19.

Sedimentation rate and suPAR in relation to disease activity and mortality in patients with tuberculosis.

To investigate how levels of the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) correlate with disease activity and prognosis in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This was a retrospective analysis of patients with active PTB ( = 500) in Gondar, Ethiopia, for whom the suPAR ( = 301) and ESR ( = 330) were analysed at the start of treatment. Both biomarkers were available for 176 patients.

Reduced susceptibility of clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to reactive nitrogen species promotes survival in activated macrophages.

Background: Drugs such as isoniazid (INH) and pretomanid (PRT), used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are active partly through generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The aim of this study was to explore variability in intracellular susceptibility to nitric oxide (NO) in clinical strains of M. tuberculosis.

Asymptomatic Helminth Infection in Active Tuberculosis Is Associated with Increased Regulatory and Th-2 Responses and a Lower Sputum Smear Positivity.

Background: The impact of intestinal helminth infection on the clinical presentation and immune response during active tuberculosis (TB) infection is not well characterized. Our aim was to investigate whether asymptomatic intestinal helminth infection alters the clinical signs and symptoms as well as the cell mediated immune responses in patients with active TB.

Methodology: Consecutive, newly diagnosed TB patients and healthy community controls (CCs) were recruited in North-west Ethiopia.