Multifocal candidiasis can be considered a form of invasive candidiasis in critically non-neutropenic patients.

Candida infections can be serious in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, as Candida is an organism that specially colonizes the digestive system. In immunocompromised patients, treatment is protocolized, but in non-neutropenic patients, it is not well established. On the other hand, the treatment of this type of infection is not absent of adverse effects.

Economic impact of heart failure according to the effects of kidney failure.

Introduction And Objectives: To evaluate the use of health care resources and their cost according to the effects of kidney failure in heart failure patients during 2-year follow-up in a population setting.

Methods: Observational retrospective study based on a review of medical records. The study included patients ≥ 45 years treated for heart failure from 2008 to 2010.

The effect of quitting smoking on costs and healthcare utilization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comparison of current smokers versus ex-smokers in routine clinical practice.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent condition mainly related to smoking, which is associated with a substantial economic burden. The purpose was to compare healthcare resource utilization and costs according to smoking status in patients with COPD in routine clinical practice.

Methods: A retrospective cohort nested case-control study was designed.

Clinical and economic characteristics associated with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is usually accompanied by various comorbidities that can increase the cost of treatment. We are not aware of studies that have determined the costs associated with treating DM2 patients with co-morbidities such as overweight (OW), obesity (OBE) or arterial hypertension (AHT). The aim of the study was to examine the health-related costs and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in these patients.