A Core Outcome Set for Trials in CKD: Report of the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Chronic Kidney Disease (SONG-CKD) Stakeholder Workshops.

Omitting outcomes of importance to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their caregivers from trials can impede decision-making based on patient-centered outcomes. As part of the global Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology - Chronic Kidney Disease (SONG-CKD) initiative, we aimed to establish a consensus-based set of core outcomes for trials in CKD (prior to the need for kidney replacement therapy). To finalize the proposed set of core outcomes that were identified through focus groups and an international Delphi survey, we convened two international stakeholder workshops in English and Spanish languages that involved 61 patients/caregivers and 75 health professionals from 18 countries.

Epigenetic age across development in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Unlabelled: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, though symptoms vary both within and between people in the population. We aimed to investigate trajectories of individual biological aging through the change in residuals of DNA methylation age estimates (EpiAge) regressed on chronological age (EpiAge Gap) in children and adolescents with and without ADHD.

Methods: Three well-established epigenetic clocks (PedBE, Horvath, and Skin & blood) were used to estimate EpiAge in 293 saliva samples from 169 participants (91 with ADHD symptoms) from the Neuroimaging of the Children's Attention Project (NICAP).

Investigating the Relative Importance of Tear Homeostatic Signs for the Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease.

Aim: Disease misdiagnosis is more likely if standardised diagnostic criteria are not used. This study systematically examined the effect on diagnosing dry eye disease (DED), when tests for evaluating tear film homeostasis were included/excluded from a multi-test protocol.

Method: For 1427 participants across five sites, data for the full suite of diagnostic tests defined in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) Diagnostic Methodology report algorithm were evaluated; diagnostic sensitivity was calculated when individual signs were removed, and when different combinations of signs were required.

Blink completeness and rate in dry eye disease: An investigator-masked, prospective registry-based, cross-sectional, prognostic study.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic ability of blink rate and the proportion of incomplete blinking to predict dry eye disease diagnosis, as defined by the TFOS DEWS II criteria.

Methods: A total of 453 community residents (282 females, 171 males; mean ± SD age, 37 ± 19 years) were recruited in an investigator-masked, prospective registry-based, cross-sectional, prognostic study. Dry eye symptomology, tear film quality, and ocular surface characteristics were assessed in a single clinical session, and blink parameters evaluated by an independent masked observer.