Direct economic costs related to antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections isolated from newborns in a perinatal hospital in Peru.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a priority for both public health and the global economy. Moreover, information on AMR is scarce, particularly in low/middle-income countries. We evaluated the direct economic cost of microorganisms and AMR.

Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.

Background: For decades, poor treatment options and low-quality evidence plagued care for patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The advent of new drugs to treat tuberculosis and enhanced funding now permit randomized, controlled trials of shortened-duration, all-oral treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.

Methods: We conducted a phase 3, multinational, open-label, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial to compare standard therapy for treatment of fluoroquinolone-susceptible, rifampin-resistant tuberculosis with five 9-month oral regimens that included various combinations of bedaquiline (B), delamanid (D), linezolid (L), levofloxacin (Lfx) or moxifloxacin (M), clofazimine (C), and pyrazinamide (Z).

Expression of ABCB1, ABCC1, and LRP in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid and Bone Marrow in Culture-Effects of In Vitro Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the potential to differentiate into various lineages. They have also the potential to protect themselves against harmful stimuli to maintain their functional integrity. Drug resistance-related transporters such as ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein; P-gp), ABCC1 (MRP1; multidrug resistance-related Protein 1), and LRP (lung resistance protein) may protect MSCs against toxic substances such as chemotherapeutic agents.

Survival impact of immune-related adverse events in extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Prior research indicates a connection between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer. However, limited data exists for extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Methods: This study included all ES-SCLC patients who received at least one dose of an immune checkpoint inhibitor between 2 January 2011 and 4 July 2022 using a large retrospective registry from a single institution.