TolC contributes to antimicrobial resistance, exopolysaccharide production, and virulence.

is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes a variety of human diseases, ranging from pneumonia to urinary tract infections and invasive diseases. The emergence of strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics has made treatment more complex and led to becoming a global health threat. Addressing this threat necessitates the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat this pathogen, including strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance and therapeutics for novel targets such as antivirulence.

Enemy of My Enemy: A Novel Insect-Specific Flavivirus Offers a Promising Platform for a Zika Virus Vaccine.

Vaccination remains critical for viral disease outbreak prevention and control, but conventional vaccine development typically involves trade-offs between safety and immunogenicity. We used a recently discovered insect-specific flavivirus as a vector in order to develop an exceptionally safe, flavivirus vaccine candidate with single-dose efficacy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this platform, we created a chimeric Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine candidate, designated Aripo/Zika virus (ARPV/ZIKV).

Vibrio cholerae TolC Is Required for Expression of the ToxR Regulon.

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the enteric disease cholera. V. cholerae colonization of the human intestine is dependent on the expression of both virulence genes and environmental adaptation genes involved in antimicrobial resistance.

Black-White Differences in Pregnancy Desire During the Transition to Adulthood.

This article explores race differences in the desire to avoid pregnancy or become pregnant using survey data from a random sample of 914 young women (ages 18-22) living in a Michigan county and semi-structured interviews with a subsample of 60 of the women. In the survey data, desire for pregnancy, indifference, and ambivalence are very rare but are more prevalent among Black women than White women. In the semi-structured interviews, although few women described fatalistic beliefs or lack of planning for future pregnancies, Black and White women did so equally often.

Finding Order in the Chaos: Outstanding Questions in Klebsiella pneumoniae Pathogenesis.

are Gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found within host-associated commensal microbiomes, but they can also cause a wide range of infections that are often difficult to treat. These infections are caused by different pathotypes of , called either classical or hypervirulent strains. These two groups are genetically distinct, inhabit nonoverlapping geographies, and cause different types of harmful infections in humans.