Ammonium and nitrate in ice accretions and snow at two Central European montane locations: δN and δ [Formula: see text] isotope ratios, fluxes and sources.

In many countries worldwide, NO emissions currently decrease as a result of pollution control, while NH emissions stagnate or continue to increase. Little is known about horizontal deposition of NO and NH, the oxidation/neutralization products of these primary pollutants. To close the knowledge gap, we studied atmospheric inputs of NO and NH at two mountain-top sites near the Czech-German-Polish borders during winter.

Diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease - a systematic review of cost-effectiveness and economic burden.

Background: This study aims to review the existing knowledge on the cost-effectiveness and item costs related to the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients at different stages.

Methods: The study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The systematic search involved several steps: finding and identifying relevant articles, filtering them according to the set criteria, and examining the final number of selected articles to obtain the primary information.

Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness of Home-Based Palliative Care Interventions in Patients with Cancer: A Critical Analysis.

Background: The increased prevalence of cancer and the negative impact of pain on the quality of life of patients underscore the need to implement efficient palliative care interventions and management of pain. The cost-effectiveness of palliative care interventions for cancer, mostly pharmacological and delivered through home-based palliative care services, is unclear. Most of the studies do not take into account indirect costs nor consider variations across different geographical regions.

Complex imprint of air pollution in the basal area increments of three European tree species.

The impact of atmospheric pollution on the growth of European forest tree species, particularly European beech, Silver fir and Norway spruce, is examined in five mesic forests in the Czech Republic. Analyzing of basal area increment (BAI) patterns using linear mixed effect models reveals a complex interplay between atmospheric nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) deposition, climatic variables and changing CO concentrations. Beech BAI responds positively to N deposition (in tandem with air CO concentration), with soil phosphorus (P) availability emerging as a significant factor influencing overall growth rates.