Examining the empirical evidence for IDEAL 2b studies: the effects of preceding prospective collaborative cohort studies on the quality and impact of subsequent randomized controlled trials of surgical innovations - protocol for a systematic review and case-control analysis.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in surgery face methodological challenges, which often result in low quality or failed trials. The Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term (IDEAL) framework proposes preliminary prospective collaborative cohort studies with specific properties (IDEAL 2b studies) to increase the quality and feasibility of surgical RCTs. Little empirical evidence exists for this proposition, and specifically designed 2b studies are currently uncommon.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from Dairy Cattle Farms in the Wakiso District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases have spread rapidly worldwide and pose a serious threat to human-animal-environment interface. In this study, we present the presence of Salmonella enterica (1.3%) and commensal Escherichia coli (96.

Confined placental mosaicism revisited: Impact on pregnancy characteristics and outcome.

Objectives: We wanted to re-evaluate the influence of confined placental mosaicism subtypes (type 2 and type 3) on pregnancy characteristics and outcome.

Material And Methods: From July 2009 to December 2015, 5512 chorionic villus samplings were performed in our Fetal Medicine Center. Conventional karyotyping was performed after long-term and short-term cultured villi to define type 2 or type 3 confined placental mosaicisms.