Horner's syndrome secondary to asymptomatic pneumothorax in an adolescent.

Horner's syndrome is uncommon in the paediatric population, but is seen more in infancy, and most cases are either congenital or related to birth trauma, head and neck tumours or thoracic surgery. We report an unusual cause of Horner's syndrome in a healthy adolescent boy secondary to a large, spontaneous, but asymptomatic, primary pneumothorax.

Vascular adhesion molecules in vitreous from eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate whether proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PDR) is associated with a selective increase in vitreous levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules that mediate leukocyte extravasation and interaction with endothelium during processes of inflammation and neovascularization.

Methods: Vitreous from 55 patients undergoing vitrectomy for treatment of PDR complicated by vitreous hemorrhage and/or traction retinal detachment was assayed for the presence of the soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Vitreous from 12 cadaveric eyes matching age and sex of the patients were used as control samples.