From Dizziness to Dysphagia: A Complex Presentation of Lateral Medullary Syndrome.

Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS), also known as Wallenberg syndrome, is a rare neurological condition most commonly resulting from occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). This syndrome is characterized by a constellation of symptoms including vertigo, ataxia, sensory deficits, and cranial nerve abnormalities, which arise due to infarction of the lateral medulla. We report the case of a 74-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension who presented to the emergency department with acute onset of vertigo and an unsteady gait.

Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among patients with HIV-associated TB in Khayelitsha, South Africa.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important and frequently used patient-reported outcome in health research. However, little qualitative research exists in this field in South Africa. This study was set in Khayelitsha, one of the largest informal settlements in South Africa, where the burden of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection are amongst the highest in the world and significantly affect HRQOL.

Validation of a functional human AD model with four AD therapeutics utilizing patterned ipsc-derived cortical neurons integrated with microelectrode arrays.

Preclinical methods are needed for screening potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics that recapitulate phenotypes found in the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) stage or even before this stage of the disease. This would require a phenotypic system that reproduces cognitive deficits without significant neuronal cell death to mimic the clinical manifestations of AD during these stages. Long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a correlate of learning and memory, was induced in mature human iPSC-derived cortical neurons cultured on microelectrode arrays utilizing circuit patterns connecting two adjacent electrodes.

Establishment of a Serum-Free Human iPSC-Derived Model of Peripheral Myelination.

Myelination and the formation of nodes of Ranvier are essential for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses along axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). While many animal-based and serum-containing models of peripheral myelination have been developed, these have limited ability when it comes to studying genetic disorders affecting peripheral myelination. We report a fully induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human model of peripheral myelination using Schwann cells (SCs) and motoneurons, cultured in a serum-free medium on patterned and nonpatterned surfaces.

Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Risk of Medically Attended Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 During the Ancestral, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variant Eras.

Background: Uncertainty exists regarding the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine to prevent postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) following a breakthrough infection. While most studies based on symptom surveys found an association between preinfection vaccination status and PASC symptoms, studies of medically attended PASC are less common and have reported conflicting findings.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort of patients with an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection who were continually empaneled for primary care in a large US health system, the electronic health record was queried for preinfection vaccination status, demographics, comorbidity index, and diagnosed conditions.