Outbreak of Diarrhea Caused by a Novel Subtype During British Military Training in Kenya.

Background: We report clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of a large diarrhea outbreak caused by a novel subtype during British military training in Kenya between February and April 2022.

Methods: Data were collated from diarrhea cases, and fecal samples were analyzed on site using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) BioFire FilmArray. Water was tested using Colilert kits (IDEXX, UK).

Antimicrobial efficacy and mechanism of action of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers against opportunistic pathogens.

The aim of this study was to investigate a range of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer generations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative skin pathogens and to determine any differences in antimicrobial potency for different generations, characterising how differences in physicochemical properties influence antimicrobial efficacy. A range of tests were carried out, including viable count assays to determine half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values for each dendrimer, membrane integrity studies and an inner membrane permeabilisation assay. This is supported by scanning electron microscopy imaging of the interactions observed between dendrimers and bacteria.

Dermal absorption of testosterone in human and pig skin in vitro.

The OECD test guideline 428 for the assessment of dermal absorption in vitro has been in force for more than a decade. Various sectors of industry utilise the method for the registration of chemical products. These include the Agrochemical and Cosmetic sectors where the OECD test guideline and industry-specific guidance forms a key part of the human risk assessment process for new and existing products.

Dermal absorption for pesticide health risk assessment: Harmonization of study design and data reporting for North American Regulatory submissions.

Although an internationally-adopted in vitro dermal absorption test guideline is available (OECD Test Guideline 428), the replacement of the in vivo approach in North America for pesticide formulations has not occurred due to concern over the reliability and consistency of the in vitro results. A 2012 workshop convened a panel of experts in the conduct of in vitro studies used for pesticide risk assessment, together with North American regulators, to examine techniques for in vitro dermal absorption testing. Discussions led to the recommended "best practices" for the conduct of in vitro dermal absorption studies provided herein.