Malformation of cortical development with abnormal cortex: early ultrasound diagnosis between 14 and 24 weeks of gestation.

Objective: To describe neurosonographic findings diagnostic or highly suggestive of the presence of malformations of cortical development involving the cortex that may be identified before 24 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study of fetuses referred for neurosonography, during 2012-2019, with an abnormal cortical or sulcation pattern diagnosed early in the mid trimester. Stored files were analyzed for demographic data, abnormal brain findings, non-central nervous system abnormalities, final diagnosis and postnatal outcome.

Prenatal diagnosis of rhombencephalosynapsis: neuroimaging features and severity of vermian anomaly.

Objectives: To describe the prenatal neuroimaging spectrum of rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) and criteria for its classification according to the severity of vermian anomaly.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study of fetuses with RES between 2002 and 2020, the medical records and brain ultrasound and magnetic resonance images were evaluated comprehensively to determine the severity of the vermian anomaly and the presence of associated brain findings. RES was classified, according to the pattern of vermian agenesis and the extent of the fusion of the hemispheres, as complete RES (complete absence of the vermis) or partial RES (further classified according to the part of the vermis that was missing and, consequently, the region of hemispheric fusion, as anterior, posterior, severe or mixed RES).

Fetal pericallosal lipomas - Clues to diagnosis in the second trimester.

Introduction: Pericallosal lipomas (PCL) are congenital soft masses of adipose cells encapsulated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue, appearing adjacent to the corpus callosum (CC). The lipomas are usually diagnosed prenatally during the third trimester. The purpose of this study was to identify 2nd trimester ultrasound findings that may hint to a later diagnosis of PCL and to evaluate their MRI evolution.

Thick corpus callosum in the second trimester can be transient and is of uncertain significance.

Objectives: Depiction of a thick corpus callosum (CC) in utero is rare, and is generally associated with severe brain anomalies. Our aim was to describe a group of fetuses diagnosed during second-trimester ultrasound examination as having an apparently isolated thick CC, which normalized subsequently in the cases followed to term.

Methods: Among 59 fetuses referred to the Ob-Gyn Ultrasound Division of Lis Maternity Hospital with suspected callosal anomalies between January 2013 and June 2014, we identified nine cases with an apparently isolated thick CC for inclusion in this retrospective cohort study.