Publications by authors named "J H Trefry"
Infection with Sudan virus (SUDV) is characterized by an aggressive disease course with case fatality rates between 40-100% and no approved vaccines or therapeutics. SUDV causes sporadic outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, including a recent outbreak in Uganda which has resulted in over 100 confirmed cases in one month. Prior vaccine and therapeutic efforts have historically prioritized Ebola virus (EBOV), leading to a significant gap in available treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is mosquito-borne virus that produces fatal encephalitis in humans. We recently conducted a first of its kind study to investigate EEEV clinical disease course following aerosol challenge in a cynomolgus macaque model utilizing the state-of-the-art telemetry to measure critical physiological parameters. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive pathology study of NHP tissues collected at euthanasia to gain insights into EEEV pathogenesis.
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- Effective therapies have been created for treating acute Ebola virus disease (EVD), but the long-term effects on survivors, particularly regarding viral persistence, are still uncertain.
- Research on rhesus macaques showed that even after treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAb), Ebola virus (EBOV) can persist in the brain's ventricular system, leading to severe tissue damage.
- The study emphasizes the need for monitoring potential long-term health issues in human EVD survivors, as the treated macaques experienced fatal infections confined to the brain after initial recovery.
Article Synopsis
- Ebola virus disease (EVD) has a case fatality rate of about 50% due to outbreaks in Africa, highlighting the need for effective countermeasures tested on nonhuman primate (NHP) models.
- A study involving four rhesus macaques exposed to Ebola via aerosol revealed distinct disease stages: subclinical (high CO2 levels and lymphopenia), clinical (fever, viremia, and respiratory alkalosis), and decompensatory (coagulopathy, cytokine storms, liver and kidney injury), leading to shock and mortality.
- The aerosol model showed differences in disease progression compared to intramuscular methods, including a longer subclinical phase and shorter clinical phase, which suggests that rapid identification of symptoms
Early warning of bacterial and viral infection, prior to the development of overt clinical symptoms, allows not only for improved patient care and outcomes but also enables faster implementation of public health measures (patient isolation and contact tracing). Our primary objectives in this effort are 3-fold. , we seek to determine the upper limits of early warning detection through physiological measurements.
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