Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy.

Purpose Of Review: Graves' hyperthyroidism is associated with significant obstetric, maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. Early diagnosis and an understanding of the management of Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy can help to prevent these complications. Antithyroid drugs (ATD) should be avoided in early pregnancy, given their association with congenital malformations.

Postpartum Thyroiditis.

Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) is an autoimmune-mediated destructive thyroiditis that occurs in the first year postpartum with a prevalence of 5%. In order to appropriately counsel and treat the patient, physicians need to recognize the signs and symptoms of PPT and distinguish PPT from Graves hyperthyroidism. This review of PPT will discuss the etiology, clinical course, risk factors, prognosis, and treatment of PPT.

Iodine-Induced Fetal Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment with Intra-Amniotic Levothyroxine.

Background: Iodine is necessary for fetal thyroid development. Excess maternal intake of iodine can cause fetal hypothyroidism due to the inability to escape from the Wolff-Chaikoff effect in utero.

Case Report: We report a case of fetal hypothyroid goiter secondary to inadvertent excess maternal iodine ingestion from infertility supplements.

Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: a clinical review.

Background: Graves' hyperthyroidism affects 0.2% of pregnant women. Establishing the correct diagnosis and effectively managing Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy remains a challenge for physicians.

Urinary Iodine, Perchlorate, and Thiocyanate Concentrations in U.S. Lactating Women.

Background: Iodine is an essential micronutrient for thyroid hormone production. Adequate iodine intake and normal thyroid function are important during early development, and breastfed infants rely on maternal iodine excreted in breast milk for their iodine nutrition. The proportion of women in the United States of childbearing age with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) <50 μg/L has been increasing, and a subset of lactating women may have inadequate iodine intake.