Neighborhood Characteristics and Loneliness in Later Life: The Role of "Person-Environment Fit".

Background And Objectives: There is increasing acknowledgment that loneliness is associated with neighborhood characteristics in addition to individual characteristics. We use four waves of geocoded data to examine longitudinal associations between neighborhood characteristics and loneliness of older adults.

Research Design And Methods: We draw on "person-environment fit" theory, utilizing individual assessments of neighborhoods, while also creating aggregate assessments by combining responses from other respondents from the same geographic area to test associations with loneliness.

Structures and strategies for retaining an international pediatric cohort from birth: Lessons from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.

Background: Retention of study participants in observational studies is essential to maintaining the representativeness of the population, minimizing selection bias, and assuring sufficient statistical power. The aim of this report is to describe the structures and strategies used to retain participants in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study, an observational study of children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed in an intensive protocol from birth until age 15.

Methods: Teague et al.

Exploring the values underlying machine learning research in medical image analysis.

Machine learning has emerged as a crucial tool for medical image analysis, largely due to recent developments in deep artificial neural networks addressing numerous, diverse clinical problems. As with any conceptual tool, the effective use of machine learning should be predicated on an understanding of its underlying motivations just as much as algorithms or theory - and to do so, we need to explore its philosophical foundations. One of these foundations is the understanding of how values, despite being non-empirical, nevertheless affect scientific research.

Parallel tempered Bayesian inference for characterizing non-ideal semiconductors: Carrier trapping in cadmium telluride thin films.

We describe an improved Bayesian inference methodology to characterize photovoltaic materials by matching charge carrier simulations to spectroscopy data. A "parallel tempering" scheme is introduced, which efficiently and reliably locates the global maximum in the complex multimodal distributions that are characteristic of cadmium telluride (CdTe) films. Our results show that the standard carrier transport model cannot explain the observed decay of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) data from CdTe films and that there is carrier trapping within low-lying defect states.

PPP2R1A mutations cause ATR inhibitor sensitivity in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Identification of ARID1A/ATR synthetic lethality led to ATR inhibitor phase II trials in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), a cancer of unmet need. Using multiple CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and interference screens, we show that inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunits, including PPP2R1A, enhance ATRi sensitivity in ARID1A mutant OCCC. Analysis of a new OCCC cohort indicates that 52% possess oncogenic PPP2R1A p.