A systematic review of adolescent alcohol-related harm trends in high-income countries with declines in adolescent consumption.

Background And Aims: Adolescent alcohol consumption decreased in high-income countries during the 2000s and 2010s. While evidence for declining consumption is clear, there has been less research tracking trends in alcohol-related harms. This article reviewed trends in adolescent alcohol-related harms in high-income countries where a decline in consumption had occurred and investigated sex-based differences in trends.

Synthesis and Characterization of 3-Hydroxybupivacaine and Deuterated 3-Hydroxybupivacaine for Use in Equine Medication Regulation.

Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic widely used in equine and human medicine. Use of bupivacaine in performance horses is regulated because its ability to block pain means that it can be misused for advantage in performance horses. In racing regulation, bupivacaine is classified by the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) as a Class 2 Penalty Class A Foreign substance, the detection of which can lead to significant penalties.

The Animal-AI Environment: A virtual laboratory for comparative cognition and artificial intelligence research.

The Animal-AI Environment is a unique game-based research platform designed to facilitate collaboration between the artificial intelligence and comparative cognition research communities. In this paper, we present the latest version of the Animal-AI Environment, outlining several major features that make the game more engaging for humans and more complex for AI systems. These features include interactive buttons, reward dispensers, and player notifications, as well as an overhaul of the environment's graphics and processing for significant improvements in agent training time and quality of the human player experience.

FCB-CHOPS: An Evolution of a Commonly Used Acronym for Evaluating Radiation Treatment Plans.

Checklists have been used across many fields as a systematic framework to reduce human error and improve safety. In radiation oncology, the CB-CHOP acronym was previously developed as a tool to aid physicians in assessing the quality of radiation treatment plans for approval. This manuscript updates the acronym for the modern era with the addition of F and S to create FCB-CHOPS: fusion, contours, beams, coverage, heterogeneity, organs at risk, prescription, and dose summation.

Subsequent kilovoltage imaging-based fiducial triangulation for intra-fractional prostate motion monitoring and correction.

Background: Inter-fractional and intra-fractional positioning and motion monitoring based on implanted fiducials through kilovoltage (kV) imaging is a cost-effective approach to enhance intact prostate radiotherapy treatment accuracy. However, comprehensive studies for three-dimensional (3D) position extraction and the corrective action threshold are lacking.

Purpose: To develop and verify a fiducial motion monitoring system with 3D position information based on triggered kV images taken during treatment delivery, and to comprehensively evaluate the recommended thresholds for corrective action during treatment.