Developmental axon diameter growth of central nervous system axons does not depend on ensheathment or myelination by oligodendrocytes.

Myelination facilitates the rapid conduction of action potentials along axons. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelinated axons vary over 100-fold in diameter, with conduction speed scaling linearly with increasing diameter. Axon diameter and myelination are closely interlinked, with axon diameter exerting a strong influence on myelination.

Tumor microenvironment assessment-based signatures for predicting response to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Immunotherapy has significantly altered the treatment paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but not all patients experience durable benefits. Predictive biomarkers are needed to identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. We retrospectively collected tumor tissues from 65 patients with advanced NSCLC before treatment, and performed transcriptomic and genomic analysis.

Hypoxia Microenvironment Preconditioning Attenuated Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Stc1-Mediating Cardiomyocyte Self-Protection and Neutrophil Polarization.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) therapy application to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury in clinical practice remains challenging. The secretome, derived from hypoxia-preconditioned cardiomyocytes (SHPC), potentially mimics the IPC microenvironment and facilitates IPC clinical translation. This study aims to determine whether SHPC can be a feasible alternative to IPC for attenuating MI/R injury, and to identify the functional factor of SHPC.

CircRNA-RBAC induces cardiac repair by promoting ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle progression in cardiomyocytes.

Ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) is an essential process that controls the protein synthesis rate, but its function in regulating endogenous cardiac regeneration remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the function and underlying mechanism of RiBi-associated circRNAs in cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation and cardiac regeneration. We used high-throughput sequencing, quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization techniques to identify an adult downregulated circRNA, RiBi-associated circRNA (RBAC), in CMs.

Canagliflozin reverses doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via restoration of autophagic homeostasis.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been reported as successful for preventing doxorubicin (DOX) -induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), but the underlying mechanisms are elusive. This study aimed to determine whether canagliflozin, an SGLT2i, protects against DIC by regulation of autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes through a mechanism independent of SGLT2. The differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in DIC were analyzed.