Imaging for Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Ischemic Stroke-A Narrative Review.

Hemorrhagic transformation is caused by extravasation of blood products from vessels after acute ischemic stroke. It is an undesirable and potentially devastating complication, which occurs in 10%-40% of clinical cases. Hemorrhagic transformation is classified into four subtypes based on European cooperative acute stroke study II.

Quantifying candidate volume for endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective chart review.

Background: Endovascular therapy is the new standard of care for certain patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine whether procedural volumes at an academic health sciences centre in northeastern Ontario exceeded the minimum of 20 procedures annually to support establishment of an endovascular therapy centre and thus improve regional access to this type of care.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review at Health Sciences North, a regional stroke centre for northeastern Ontario that currently does not offer endovascular therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

MRI mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity using square wave changes in end-tidal PCO2.

Cerebrovascular reactivity can be quantified by correlating blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal intensity with changes in end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2). Four 3-min cycles of high and low PCO2 were induced in three subjects, each cycle containing a steady PCO2 level lasting at least 60 sec. The BOLD signal closely followed the end-tidal PCO2.