Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neuronal network activity by noradrenergic stress signals.

Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter released in response to homeostatic challenge and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via stimulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons. Here we investigated the mechanism through which noradrenaline regulates activity within the CRH neuronal network. Using a combination of in vitro GCaMP6f Ca imaging and electrophysiology, we show that noradrenaline induces a robust increase in excitability in a proportion of CRH neurons with many neurons displaying a bursting mode of activity.

Isolation of a multidrug-resistant pathotype Stx2:Cnf1:Cnf2:Eae as a potential cause of hemorrhagic diarrhea and secondary septicemia in a dog.

is a member of the family and is a commensal in the intestine of many animals as well as humans. Most strains are of low virulence. A dog developed vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhea after surgery and died despite treatment.

Antimicrobial resistance and gene in isolated from poultry samples submitted to a bacteriology laboratory in South Africa.

Background And Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recently mobilized colistin resistance () associated colistin resistance among isolates have been attributed to the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. remains an important pathogen, often associated with mortality and low carcass weight in poultry medicine; therefore, the need to use antimicrobials is common. The study aimed to determine the AMR profile and presence of and genes in avian pathogenic from poultry samples tested at a bacteriology laboratory for routine diagnosis.

Compliance to the South African ventral hernia guidelines: inaugural results from the HIG(SA) registry.

Background: The Hernia Interest Group (HIG) of South Africa (SA), following the publication of their inguinal and ventral hernia guidelines (in 2015 and 2016 respectively), developed a hernia registry, the HIG(SA) hernia registry.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained HIG(SA) hernia registry from 1 February 2019 to 29 February 2020. Compliance to six recommendations made in the HIG(SA) ventral hernia guidelines were assessed in both the public and private healthcare systems.

Building a national hernia registry in South Africa: initial ventral hernia repair results from a diverse healthcare sector.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to introduce a new registry in a developing country by describing the demographics, management and 30-day outcomes of patients undergoing ventral hernia repair in the public and private healthcare sectors of South Africa.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained hernia registry from the 1st of February 2019 to 29th of February 2020.

Results: 353 ventral hernia repair cases were recorded of which 47% were incisional hernias and the remainder were primary hernias.