The Effect of Exercise on Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Unfractionated Heparin-A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Study.

Exercise increases blood and lymph flow in working muscles, potentially affecting the bioavailability and effect of subcutaneously administered drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a single exercise session on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of subcutaneously administered unfractionated heparin. In a crossover design, 15 healthy males underwent four experimental days where 15,000 IU of unfractionated heparin was injected subcutaneously into the thigh of the non-dominant leg.

The prognostic value of neurohormonal and inflammatory biomarkers in addition to the TIMI risk score in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score estimates mortality for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to investigate whether biomarkers reflecting the neurohormonal response (pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP), mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and copeptin), inflammation (suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocytes), and troponin add prognostic value to the TIMI risk score.

Methods: This sub-study of the prospective PREDICT cohort included 1700 non-comatose and non-cardiogenic shock STEMI patients upon admission.

Neurohormonal response is associated with mortality in women with STEMI.

Background: The prognosis after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) continues to be worse in women. We hypothesize that sex-based differences in neurohormonal response may be a contributor to sex-specific differences in mortality risk.

Aims: To investigate whether the association between sex and mortality could in part be explained by levels of neurohormonal activation in patients with STEMI.

Gut Hormones in Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome affecting all organ systems. While some organ interactions have been studied intensively in HF (such as the cardiorenal interaction), the endocrine gut has to some degree been overlooked. However, there is growing evidence of direct cardiac effects of several hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal tract.