Patterns of Failure After Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background: Numerous studies have assessed the predictive factors for the arteriovenous malformation (AVM) response to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). However, only a few have discussed the causes of failure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the patterns of failure in patients with AVM who had undergone linear accelerator SRS.

CT-scan contouring technique allows for direct and reliable measurements of the cochlear duct length: implication in cochlear implantation with straight electrode-arrays.

Objectives: The advent of hybrid electro-acoustic implants requires precise positioning of the electrode-array (EA) within the cochlea. The cochlea size, that is, the length of the cochlear scala tympani, is often indirectly estimated from distance A by Escudé's method. This technique has been confirmed by anatomical studies, in a bunch of cadaveric specimens, but it is not yet widely established in the field of computed tomography (CT).

Deep brain stimulation in five patients with severe disorders of consciousness.

Objective: The efficacy of deep brain stimulation in disorders of consciousness remains inconclusive. We investigated bilateral 30-Hz low-frequency stimulation designed to overdrive neuronal activity by dual pallido-thalamic targeting, using the Coma Recovery Scale Revised (CRS-R) to assess conscious behavior.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, single center, observational 11-month pilot study comprising four phases: baseline (2 months); surgery and titration (1 month); blind, random, crossover, 1.

Subthalamus stimulation in Parkinson disease: Accounting for the bilaterality of contacts.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease uses bi-hemispheric high-frequency stimulation within the subthalamus, however, the specific impacts of bilaterality of DBS are still not clear. Thus, we aimed to study the individual-level clinical impact of locations of right-left contact pair-up accounting for each subthalamic nucleus (STN) anatomy.

Methods: Contact locations and effects at 1 year were studied retrospectively in an unselected series of 53 patients operated between 2004 and 2010.

Anatomy of the Spinal Meninges.

Background: The spinal meninges have received less attention than the cranial meninges in the literature, although several points remain debatable and poorly understood, like their phylogenesis, their development, and their interactions with the spinal cord. Their constancy among the chordates shows their crucial importance in central nervous system homeostasis and suggests a role far beyond mechanical protection of the neuraxis.

Objective: This work provides an extensive study of the spinal meninges, from an overview of their phylogenesis and embryology to a descriptive and topographic anatomy with clinical implications.