A compendium of Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity genes in human cancer.

While the effect of amplification-induced oncogene expression in cancer is known, the impact of copy-number gains on "bystander" genes is less understood. We create a comprehensive map of dosage compensation in cancer by integrating expression and copy number profiles from over 8000 tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Additionally, we analyze 17 cancer open reading frame screens to identify genes toxic to cancer cells when overexpressed.

Novel bacteriophages targeting wheat phyllosphere bacteria carry DNA modifications and single-strand breaks.

The phyllosphere microbiome can positively or negatively impact plant health and growth, but we currently lack the tools to control microbiome composition. Contributing to a growing collection of bacteriophages (phages) targeting bacteria living in the wheat phyllosphere, we here isolate and sequence eight novel phages targeting common phyllosphere Erwinia and Pseudomonas strains, including two jumbo phages. We characterize genomic, phylogenetic, and morphological traits from these phages and argue for establishing four novel viral genera.

Replacing rifampicin with minocycline increases the activity of the treatment regimen for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in a dynamic hollow-fibre system.

Objective: Mycobacterium avium complex bacteria cause chronic pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) in susceptible patients. The recommended treatment regimen (rifampicin, ethambutol and azithromycin) achieves 65% cure rates but with considerable toxicity and drug-drug interactions [2,3]. Minocycline proved active in monotherapy experiments using the hollow-fibre model [4].

Reduction of chromosomal instability and inflammation is a common aspect of adaptation to aneuploidy.

Aneuploidy, while detrimental to untransformed cells, is notably prevalent in cancer. Aneuploidy is found as an early event during tumorigenesis which indicates that cancer cells have the ability to surmount the initial stress responses associated with aneuploidy, enabling rapid proliferation despite aberrant karyotypes. To generate more insight into key cellular processes and requirements underlying adaptation to aneuploidy, we generated a panel of aneuploid clones in p53-deficient RPE-1 cells and studied their behavior over time.