Nanostructures in various Au ion-implanted ZnO facets modified using energetic O ions.

Noble metal nanoparticles dispersed in semiconductors, mainly in ZnO, have been intensively investigated. Au dispersion and possible precipitation as well as damage growth were studied in ZnO of various orientations, a-plane (112[combining macron]0) and c-plane (0001), using 1 MeV Au-ion implantation with an ion fluence of 1.5 × 10 cm and subsequently annealed at 600 °C in an ambient atmosphere for one hour.

Alanine or pyruvate is required for the development of myotubes from myoblasts and cortisol satisfies this requirement.

Development of myotubes from chick embryo breast muscle myoblasts has been shown to occur in the combined presence of insulin, and both the low and high molecular weight components (LMW, HMW) of chick embryo extract. We report here that alanine, or pyruvate, will replace the LMW component with serine enhancing this effect. In addition, extracts of embryonic kidneys were the most active of five embryonic tissues tested in replacing the LMW component, which led to the finding that cortisol is active in promoting both the development of myotubes and the expression of creatine phosphokinase activity, a muscle-specific indicator of myogenesis.

Strategic positioning: a case study in governance and management.

This case describes the experience of the Detroit Medical Center (DMC) in restructuring its governance and management. It provides a background on the DMC, examines the driving forces that led to modification of its structure, identifies key principles in guiding the change, and describes the strategies and specific steps taken in managing structural change. Finally, the critical lessons learned about leadership style, communication, agenda development, and relations with the board, medical staff, and management are discussed.