The Use of MPS in Three Rs and Regulatory Applications: Perspectives From Developers on Stakeholder Responsibilities.

Increasing the use of microphysiological systems (MPS) in Three Rs and regulatory applications is a nuanced but important goal, which would also help increase their scientific impact. There are three distinct and important stakeholder groups that each play a unique role in expediting the use of MPS for regulatory purpose - namely, commercial MPS developers, end-users and regulators. Additionally, non-profit organisations, such as the 3Rs Collaborative (3RsC), can help coordinate these efforts.

Capturing Dynamic Neuronal Responses to Dominant and Subordinate Social Hierarchy Members with catFISH.

Dominance hierarchies are key to social organization in group-living species, requiring individuals to recognize their own and others' ranks. This is particularly complex for intermediate-ranking animals, who navigate interactions with higher- and lower-ranking individuals. Using in situ hybridization, we examined how the brains of intermediate-ranked mice in hierarchies respond to dominant and subordinate stimuli by labeling activity-induced immediate early genes and neuronal markers.

The primate gut microbiota contributes to interspecific differences in host metabolism.

Because large brains are energetically expensive, they are associated with metabolic traits that facilitate energy availability across vertebrates. However, the biological underpinnings driving these traits are not known. Given its role in regulating host metabolism in disease studies, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome contributes to variation in normal cross-vertebrate species differences in metabolism, including those associated with the brain's energetic requirements.

Room-Temperature Formate Ester Transfer Hydrogenation Enables an Electrochemical/Thermal Organometallic Cascade for Methanol Synthesis from CO.

The reduction of CO to synthetic fuels is a valuable strategy for energy storage. However, the formation of energy-dense liquid fuels such as methanol remains rare, particularly under low-temperature and low-pressure conditions that can be coupled to renewable electricity sources via electrochemistry. Here, a multicatalyst system pairing an electrocatalyst with a thermal organometallic catalyst is introduced, which enables the reduction of CO to methanol at ambient temperature and pressure.

Pharmacist-led Transitions of Care: A Cohort Study on Admission Medication History Factors and Adjustments to the Discharge Medication List.

Patients are at risk of experiencing medication errors during each transition of care (TOC), which can result in adverse drug events and readmissions. Implementing a pharmacist-led TOC service can optimize medication safety and patient outcomes by identifying and correcting medication discrepancies prior to hospital discharge. A pharmacist-led TOC service at a tertiary care center expanded services to review medications at discharge for all enrolled hospitalized patients, but data collection and review had yet to be performed.