Publications by authors named "J G Castilho"
Background: We aimed to examine factors associated with prenatal syphilis, including prenatal care, and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with HIV in Brazil.
Methods: Retrospective data were gathered from a national cohort of Brazilian women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy who became pregnant between January 2015 and May 2018. Prenatal syphilis was defined by clinical diagnoses with treatment or any positive syphilis laboratory result between 30 days before conception and pregnancy conclusion.
Background: While people with HIV (PWH) start antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4 count, CD4 measurement remains crucial for detecting advanced HIV disease and evaluating ART programmes. We explored CD4 measurement (proportion of PWH with a CD4 result available) and prevalence of CD4 <200 cells/µL at ART initiation within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) global collaboration.
Methods: We included PWH at participating ART programmes who first initiated ART at age 15-80 years during 2005-2019.
Risk of Clade II Mpox Associated with Intimate and Nonintimate Close Contact Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Adults - United States, August 2022-July 2023.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
October 2024
Article Synopsis
- A global outbreak of clade II mpox has been primarily affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) since May 2022, with limited understanding of transmission routes.
- A study analyzed 457 case-patients and 1,030 control patients (aged 18-49) to estimate the odds of mpox transmission based on different types of close contact; results showed that those engaging in condomless receptive anal sex had a 5.4 times higher odds of contracting mpox.
- Despite the effectiveness of the mpox vaccine, vaccination rates are low, highlighting the need for a comprehensive prevention strategy that includes vaccination promotion and safer sex practices.
Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and liver steatosis and fibrosis among people with HIV (PLWH) at least 40 years of age on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).
Design: We used cross-sectional behavioral and clinical data collected during study enrollment visits in 2020-2022 for the Sentinel Research Network of International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (SRN of IeDEA).
Methods: Ten-year CVD risk was calculated using 2019 WHO nonlaboratory and laboratory models.
Although invasive cervical cancer (ICC) rates have declined since the advent of screening, the annual age-adjusted ICC rate in the United States remains 7.5 per 100,000 women. Failure of recommended screening and management often precedes ICC diagnoses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF