Shock wave lithotripsy, for the treatment of kidney stones, results in changes to routine blood tests and novel biomarkers: a prospective clinical pilot-study.

Background: The number of patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for kidney stones is increasing annually, and as such the development of post-operative complications, such as haematuria and acute kidney injury (AKI) following SWL, is likely to increase. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in routine blood and novel biomarkers following SWL, for the treatment of kidney stones.

Methods: Twelve patients undergoing SWL for solitary unilateral kidney stones were recruited.

A Pilot Study to Evaluate Haemostatic Function, following Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL) for the Treatment of Solitary Kidney Stones.

Purpose: The number of patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in the UK for solitary unilateral kidney stones is increasing annually. The development of postoperative complications such as haematuria and sepsis following SWL is likely to increase. Comparing a range of biological markers with the aim of monitoring or predicting postoperative complications following SWL has not been extensively researched.

Hydride as a leaving group in the reaction of pinacolborane with halides under ambient Grignard and Barbier conditions. One-pot synthesis of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, vinyl, and allyl pinacolboronic esters.

Grignard reagents (aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, vinyl, or allylic) react with 1 equiv of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (pinacolborane, PinBH) at ambient temperature in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to afford the corresponding pinacolboronates. The initially formed dialkoxy alkylborohydride intermediate quickly eliminates hydridomagnesium bromide (HMgBr) and affords the product boronic ester in very good yield. Hydridomagnesium bromide (HMgBr) in turn disproportionates to a 1:1 mixture of magnesium hydride (MgH(2)) and magnesium bromide (MgBr(2)) on addition of pentane to the reaction mixture.

Lectin ingestion : changes in mucin secretion and bacterial adhesion to intestinal tissue.

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the lectin derived from red kidney been (Phaseolus vulgarus) causes reduced growth rates in several animal species, when incorporated at 0.5-5% of dietary protein. Lectin feeding results in diarrhea, impaired nutrient absorption, growth rate inhibition, and can even lead to the eventual death of PHA-fed animals.

Traveler's diarrhea.

A variety of infectious enteric pathogens (bacterial, viral, and protozoal) can lead to a systemic diarrheal illness in international travelers traveling from industrialized countries to developing areas of the world. Many of the agents that lead to this syndrome have been identified, and their mode of transmission has been defined. Prophylactic measures are advisable, and effective treatment options are available.