Evaluation of orthopaedic residents from SOCLE phase to osteosynthesis simulation: feedback from the AO course.

Introduction: In 2019, the French College of Orthopaedic and Traumatology (CFCOT) made the AOTrauma course entitled "Basic Principles of Fracture Treatment" mandatory for all orthopaedic residents during the first year of their educational program i.e. during the SOCLE phase (common base phase).

Suppressing Competing Solvent Reduction in CO Electroreduction with a Magnetic Field.

The presence of an external magnetic field is found to affect the competition between the HO and CO reduction reactions by increasing mass transport via the Lorentz force. Increasing the magnetic field strength at the electrode surface from 0 to 325 mT increases the selectivity of CO over H by 3×, while an increase in current density from 0.5 to 5 mA/cm increases the selectivity of CO production by 5×.

Quantification and description of photothermal heating effects in plasmon-assisted electrochemistry.

A growing number of reports have demonstrated plasmon-assisted electrochemical reactions, though debate exists around the mechanisms underlying the enhanced activity. Here we address the impact of plasmonic photothermal heating with cyclic voltammetry measurements and finite-element simulations. We find that plasmonic photothermal heating causes a reduction in the hysteresis of the anodic and cathodic waves of the voltammograms along with an increase in mass-transport limiting current density due to convection induced by a temperature gradient.

Tracking Electrochemistry on Single Nanoparticles with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microscopy.

Studying electrochemical reactions on single nanoparticles is important to understand the heterogeneous performance of individual nanoparticles. This nanoscale heterogeneity remains hidden during the ensemble-averaged characterization of nanoparticles. Electrochemical techniques have been developed to measure currents from single nanoparticles but do not provide information about the structure and identity of the molecules that undergo reactions at the electrode surface.

Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications.

The synthesis and processing of most thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing methods. Frontal polymerization is an attractive, scalable alternative due to its exploitation of polymerization heat that is generally wasted and unutilized. The only external energy needed for frontal polymerization is an initial thermal (or photo) stimulus that locally ignites the reaction.