Examining motivational interviewing from a client agency perspective.

Although empirical investigations strongly support the use of motivational interviewing (MI), there is no theory to clearly explain how or why MI works. The authors propose that MI is efficacious because it mobilizes clients' inherent resources for motivation, learning, creativity, problem solving, and goal-driven activity. Examining MI from a client agency perspective reveals new ways of conceptualizing several critical issues, including MI's fundamental "spirit," the function of resolving ambivalence, the importance of change talk, MI's ability to combine well with other approaches, and the success of brief MI interventions.

Obstetrics and gynecology residencies: education in preventive and primary health care for women.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the Residency Review Committee program requirements for obstetrics and gynecology residencies, when properly followed, will result in residents being educated in preventive and primary ambulatory health care for women during their residency training program as specialists in obstetrics and gynecology.

Methods: The 60 requisite residency training competencies identified as essential to educate generalist physicians, and viewed by some educators as a benchmarking standard, each were evaluated to determine whether residents in obstetrics and gynecology are now being educated in each of these areas. The answer was considered affirmative if any of the following pertained: 1) the Residency Review Committee program requirements indicate that the competency "must" or "should" be taught, 2) the Residency Review Committee requests numerical verification related to the competency on the accreditation review application, or 3) by virtue of a specific rotation required by the Residency Review Committee it can be assumed that the resident will be educated in the competency.

Placental transfer of milrinone in the nonhuman primate (baboon).

Milrinone is an inotropic agent for short-term intravenous use in the management of congestive heart failure. The purpose of this article is to question the previously reported lack of transplacental transfer of milrinone. Loading and continuous intravenous doses, considered to be therapeutic in humans, were administered to four near-term baboons.

A statewide, toll-free telephone service to improve obstetric care.

The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center began in 1993 to provide a statewide, toll-free telephone service for pregnancy counseling to primary care physicians. The service was available 24 hours each day, and responses were made by the on-call maternal-fetal medicine specialist. This report summarizes our first full year of operation.