Arginase Therapy Combines Effectively with Immune Checkpoint Blockade or Agonist Anti-OX40 Immunotherapy to Control Tumor Growth.

Metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer. Many tumors exhibit auxotrophy for various amino acids, such as arginine, because they are unable to meet the demand for these amino acids through endogenous production. This vulnerability can be exploited by employing therapeutic strategies that deplete systemic arginine in order to limit the growth and survival of arginine auxotrophic tumors.

[VCT classification (valve, cusp, tributary) and venous endoscopy].

The V.C.T.

[Simultaneous echographic and endoscopic examination of morphologic anomalies of the valves of the internal saphenous vein].

We attempted to determine whether the duplex-scan of valves is sufficiently specific and sensitive. We also studied morphological anomalies identified endoscopically leading to the pretherapeutic classification (VCT) to determine whether they are recognized by sonography. Finally, we studied valve kinetics to search for a correlation between morphological anomalies and changes in valve kinetics.

[Does the inferior vena cava have 2 surfaces and 2 borders also?].

The vena cava that has a preferential flattening axis, has also 2 wall sides and 2 borders. The back wall fits closely round on the back vertebral plane and the main colaterals terminate on the borders of the vein. TM echography perfectly analyses the movements of the walls of the vein, as well as the respiratory and auricular movements.

A vein has a preferential axis of flattening.

Background: A vein is a collapsible tube. As such, has it one or several axes of flattening?

Objective: The objective is to demonstrate that several venous parts, like valves or orifices of tributary veins, are directed towards one axis.

Methods: With dynamic endoscopies for superficial veins and with anatomical injections of latex for deep veins.