Deciphering the Complexity of the Immune Cell Landscape in Kidney Allograft Rejection.

While the Banff classification dichotomizes kidney allograft rejection based on the localization of the cells in the different compartments of the cortical kidney tissue [schematically interstitium for T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) and glomerular and peritubular capillaries for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR)], there is a growing evidences that subtyping the immune cells can help refine prognosis prediction and treatment tailoring, based on a better understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney allograft rejection. In the last few years, multiplex IF techniques and automatic counting systems as well as transcriptomics studies (bulk, single-cell and spatial techniques) have provided invaluable clues to further decipher the complex puzzle of rejection. In this review, we aim to better describe the inflammatory infiltrates that occur during the course of kidney transplant rejection (active AMR, chronic active AMR and acute and chronic active TCMR).

Cancer cells impair monocyte-mediated T cell stimulation to evade immunity.

The tumour microenvironment is programmed by cancer cells and substantially influences anti-tumour immune responses. Within the tumour microenvironment, CD8 T cells undergo full effector differentiation and acquire cytotoxic anti-tumour functions in specialized niches. Although interactions with type 1 conventional dendritic cells have been implicated in this process, the underlying cellular players and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Rim-brominated pillarplexes and their assembly self-sorting.

We report rim-brominated pillarplexes, new examples of functionalised supramolecular organometallic complexes (SOCs). The bromide atoms can be introduced to the established pristine ligand precursor, demonstrating late-stage diversification of our ligand platform. SC-XRD/ED-derived crystal structures of precursor and pillarplex salts are reported along with competitive assembly experiments of the Ag(I) pillarplex, showing narcissistic self-sorting behavior.

Determination of Binding Constants and Gas Phase Stabilities of Artificial Carbohydrate Receptor Complexes Using Electrospray Mass Spectrometry.

In recent years, binding studies to determine complex stabilities and selectivities of artificial carbohydrate receptors with glycosides have been mainly performed using H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and other spectroscopic titration techniques. Native electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry is used only to verify the complex stoichiometries, although determination of dissociation constants is also possible. Herein, the binding of a 1,3,5-substituted 2,4,6-triethylbenzene-based receptor (CHR) to four alkyl-β-d-glucosides with varying alkyl side chain lengths (methyl (MGP), hexyl (HGP), octyl (OGP), and dodecyl (DGP)-β-d-glucosides), which was analyzed by ESI Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) under optimized spray conditions in both ion modes, is reported.

DecoyFinder: Identification of Contaminants in Sets of Homologous RNA Sequences.

Motivation: RNA structure is essential for the function of many non-coding RNAs. Using multiple homologous sequences, which share structure and function, secondary structure can be predicted with much higher accuracy than with a single sequence. It can be difficult, however, to establish a set of homologous sequences when their structure is not yet known.