Patient-driven N-of-1 in Parkinson's Disease. Lessons Learned from a Placebo-controlled Study of the Effect of Nicotine on Dyskinesia.

Background: New insights and knowledge in biomedical science often come from observation and experimentation. Methods traditionally used include self-experimentation, case reports, randomised controlled trials, and N-of-1 studies. Technological advances have lead to an increasing number of individuals and patients engaging in self-tracking.

Psychophysical evidence for losses in rod sensitivity in the aging visual system.

Rod sensitivity was measured with a criterion-free psychophysical method at 10 deg in the horizontal meridian of the nasal field of the left eye on 26 young (mean age, 24.1 yr) and 14 older (mean age 72.6 yr) observers in good ocular health.

Photophobia in patients with traumatic brain injury: Uses of light-filtering lenses to enhance contrast sensitivity and reading rate.

Patients who have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience a new, intense and chronic photophobia. Photophobia, an intolerance to light, is an incompletely understood, subjective symptom, which has been divided into ocular and central types. Various commercial sources of light-filtering lenses have been developed, which have proven to be successful in diminishing visual symptoms expressed by patients who are photophobic.

Aging, background luminance, and threshold-duration functions for detection of low spatial frequency sinusoidal gratings.

Purpose: This study examined the temporal summation properties of the aging visual system under a wide range of background luminances.

Methods: Contrast thresholds for 0.5 cpd gratings for 12 younger (mean age 20.

Performance of young and older drivers on a static acuity test under photopic and mesopic luminance conditions.

Sixty young (18-25 years) and 91 older volunteers (60-87 years) were tested for static visual acuity under six different luminance levels ranging from 245.5 cd/m2 (photopic) to 0.2 cd/m2 (mesopic).