Examination of 19F-NMR as a tool for investigation of drug-cyclodextrin complexes.

Fluorine nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) was used to measure complexation of three fluorine-containing drugs--dexamthasone, fluoxetine hydrochloride, and diflunisal sodium--with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD). Poor aqueous solubility inhibited investigation of dexamethasone complexes with this method. Complexation caused separation of the fluorine peaks that could be assigned to the two enantiomers of fluoxetine hydrochloride.

Self-association and cyclodextrin solubilization of drugs.

Phase-solubility diagrams are frequently used to calculate stoichiometry of drug/cyclodextrin complexes. Linear diagrams (A(L)-type systems) are thought to indicate that the complexes are first order with respect to cyclodextrin and first or higher order with respect to the drug. Positive deviation from linearity (A(P)-type systems) are thought to indicate formation of complexes that are first order with respect to the drug but second or higher order with respect to cyclodextrin.

Intranasal administration of midazolam in a cyclodextrin based formulation: bioavailability and clinical evaluation in humans.

Intranasal administration of midazolam has been of particular interest because of the rapid and reliable onset of action, predictable effects, and avoidance of injections. The available intravenous formulation (Dormicum i.v.

Cyclodextrin solubilization of benzodiazepines: formulation of midazolam nasal spray.

The cyclodextrin solubilization of three benzodiazepines, i.e. alprazolam, midazolam and triazolam, was investigated.