Patient Safety Event Risk and Language Barriers: A Scoping Review.

Patients who experience language barriers (LBs) may be at risk for patient safety events (PSEs). We conducted a scoping review of the literature to understand the risk for and type of PSEs in those who experience LBs. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase in October 2023.

Beyond the Bite: How Mosquito Salivary Proteins Modulate Midgut Biology and Malaria Parasite Transmission.

Mosquito blood feeding is complicated by the host hemostatic and immune responses, which remain active after ingestion, affecting blood ingestion, digestion, and threatening the midgut epithelium integrity. At the bite site, mosquitoes bypass the host's hemostatic and immune defenses by injecting saliva containing bioactive molecules, such as anticoagulants and immunomodulators, which facilitate efficient blood extraction. Ingested saliva can also modulate similar responses in the blood bolus.

Unravelling Cocoa Drying Technology: A Comprehensive Review of the Influence on Flavor Formation and Quality.

Cocoa quality serves as a differentiating factor that provides monetary and non-monetary benefits to farmers, defined by the genotype, agroecological conditions of cultivation, and the post-harvest processes involved in transforming seeds into cocoa beans, including harvesting, pre-conditioning, fermentation, and drying. Drying plays a crucial role in ensuring the sensory, chemical, and microbiological quality of the beans, as simultaneous mass and heat transfer phenomena occur during this process, along with chemical reactions (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) that influence the concentration and dynamics of phenolic compounds, organic acids, methylxanthines, and the formation of volatiles, directly impacting flavor development in cocoa beans. This paper comprehensively reviews cocoa drying methods, variables, and equipment and analyzes their impact on these flavor-determining compounds.