The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance.

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

PCV13 vaccine prevents pneumococcal biofilms without affecting population within the polymicrobial biofilm.

In respiratory pathogens such as , biofilm formation is associated with the colonization of the nasopharynx and chronic respiratory infection. Previous data have shown that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) had an impact on colonization and a potential replacement by other respiratory pathogens such as . The objective of this work was to evaluate the evasion of the immune system by monospecific biofilms and by mixed biofilms.

Surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Spain exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2023).

Objectives: Dynamic trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) including the evolution of prevalent serotypes are very useful to evaluate the impact of current and future pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and the rise of non-vaccine serotypes. In this study, we include epidemiological patterns of S. pneumoniae before and after COVID-19 pandemic.

Role of compliance in Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment: Results of the European Registry on H. pylori management.

Background: Adherence to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication treatment is a cornerstone for achieving adequate treatment efficacy.

Objective: To determine which factors influence compliance with treatment.