Torso kinematic patterns associated with throwing shoulder joint loading and ball velocity in Little League pitchers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between kinematic patterns of the torso segment and shoulder joint loading as well as pitching performance in youth pitchers. Twenty-four Little League pitchers threw fastballs while motion capture and force plate data were collected and ball speed was measured with a radar gun. Three-dimensional torso segment kinematics (absolute angles and angular velocities) and shoulder net joint moments (NJM) and forces were calculated.

Peak horizontal ground reaction forces and impulse correlate with segmental energy flow in youth baseball pitchers.

The purpose of this study was to determine associations between horizontal ground reaction force (GRF) kinetics and energy flow (EF) variables in youth baseball players. Twenty-four youth baseball players pitched fastballs in an indoor laboratory while motion capture and force plate data were collected. Horizontal GRF variables were extracted (peak GRF and GRF impulse) while EF was calculated by integrating magnitudes of mechanical powers transferred into and out of the pelvis, trunk, and arm segments via joint force power (JFP) and joint moment power (JMP) components.

Energy Flow Analysis to Investigate Youth Pitching Velocity and Efficiency.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the transfer of energy through the kinetic chain by youth baseball pitchers during the pitching motion and 2) to provide insight into how the total magnitude of energy flow and its linear and rotational components relate to both velocity and joint torque per unit increment of pitch velocity (joint load efficiency).

Methods: Twenty-four youth baseball pitchers participated in this study. Data collection occurred in an indoor research laboratory equipped with a 14-camera infrared motion capture system and an instrumented pitcher's mound with embedded force plates.

Drosophila muller f elements maintain a distinct set of genomic properties over 40 million years of evolution.

The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D.

Correlating parenting styles with child behavior and caries.

Purpose: This study evaluated the relationship between parenting style, sociodemographic data, caries status, and child's behavior during the first dental visit.

Methods: Parents/legal guardians of new patients aged three to six years presenting to Nationwide Children's Hospital dental clinic for an initial examination/hygiene appointment completed the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to assess parenting style and a 15-question demographic survey. Blinded and calibrated expanded function dental auxiliaries or dental hygienists (EFDA/DH) performed a prophylaxis and assessed child behavior using the Frankl scale (inter-rater reliability was 92 percent).