Genetic changes are introduced by repeated exposure of Salmonella spiked in low water activity and high fat matrix to heat.

WGS is used to define if isolates are "in" or "out" of an outbreak and/or microbial root cause investigation. No threshold of genetic differences is fixed and the conclusions on similarity between isolates are mainly based on the knowledge generated from previous outbreak investigations and reported mutation rates. Mutation rates in Salmonella when exposed to food processing conditions are lacking.

Whole genome sequencing used in an industrial context reveals a Salmonella laboratory cross-contamination.

In 2013, during a routine laboratory analysis performed on food samples, one finished product from a European factory was tested positive for Salmonella Hadar. At the same period, one environmental isolate in the same laboratory was serotyped Salmonella Hadar. Prior to this event, the laboratory performed a proficiency testing involving a sample spiked with NCTC 9877 Salmonella Hadar.

Optimization of subculture and DNA extraction steps within the whole genome sequencing workflow for source tracking of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes.

This work shows that an incubation time reduced to 4-5 h to prepare a culture for DNA extraction followed by an automated DNA extraction can shorten the hands-on time, the turnaround time by 30% and increase the throughput while maintaining the WGS quality assessed by high quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphism analysis.

A Validation Approach of an End-to-End Whole Genome Sequencing Workflow for Source Tracking of and .

Whole genome sequencing (WGS), using high throughput sequencing technology, reveals the complete sequence of the bacterial genome in a few days. WGS is increasingly being used for source tracking, pathogen surveillance and outbreak investigation due to its high discriminatory power. In the food industry, WGS used for source tracking is beneficial to support contamination investigations.

A phase II trial of miltefosine in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

A phase II trial evaluating 6% topical miltefosine solution was performed in 12 pretreated patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Miltefosine (Miltex) was administered for 8 weeks, once per day during the first week then twice every day for seven weeks. Main side effects consisted in moderate to mild pruritus or desquamation in 57 % and 50 % of patients, respectively.