Inappropriate antithrombotic use in geriatric patients with complicated traumatic brain injury.

Background: Preinjury antithrombotic (AT) use is associated with worse outcomes for geriatric (65 years or older) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have found that use of AT outside established guidelines is widespread in TBI patients.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective cross-sectional study, we examined inappropriate AT use among geriatric patients presenting with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Immunotherapies in breast cancer: harnessing the cancer immunity cycle.

Introduction: Immunotherapies have found limited success in breast cancerdue to significant challenges within the tumor that block T-cell activity and function.

Areas Covered: The current review discusses clinically relevant immunotherapeutics and trials within the framework of the cancer-immunity cycle.

Expert Opinion: Current therapies such as antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint blockade require proper biomarker selection, such as PD1 expression and the degree of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infiltration to subset potential responders.

Potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and spermatogonial stem cells for survival and colonization in bull recipient testes after allogenic transplantation.

Stem cell transplantation into seminiferous tubules of recipient testis could become a tool for fertility restoration, genetic improvement, or conservation of endangered species. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are primary candidates for transplantation; however, limited abundance, complexity for isolation and culture, and lack of specific markers have limited their use. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that are simple to isolate and culture and possess specific markers for identification, and immune evasive and migratory capacities.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes in an Ecuadorian Population: A Preliminary Study.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 257-291 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization reported 890,000 HBV-related deaths in 2019, higher than reported previously. There are 10 HBV genotypes (A-J) subdivided into several subgenotypes that differ considerably by geography.

Prevalence and Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Anomalies in Down Syndrome.

Objectives:  Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of small intestinal atresia and Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in infants with Down syndrome (DS) and its impact on outcomes.

Study Design:  We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample dataset. We included infants with DS, small intestinal atresia, HD, and the concomitant occurrence of both conditions.