Selective and Stepwise Functionalization of the Pyridazine Scaffold by Using Thio-Substituted Pyridazine Building Blocks.

We described a regioselective tri- and tetra-functionalization of the pyridazine scaffold using two readily available building blocks: 3-alkylthio-6-chloropyridazine and 3,4-bis(methylthio)-6-chloropyridazine by performing selective metalations with TMPMgCl ⋅ LiCl and catalyst-tuned cross-coupling reactions with arylzinc halides. Several of the resulting pyridazines were converted into more elaborated N-heterocycles such as thieno[2,3-c]pyridazines and 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridazines.

CROWN ROOTLESS1 binds DNA with a relaxed specificity and activates OsROP and OsbHLH044 genes involved in crown root formation in rice.

In cereals, the root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne roots, named crown roots. The CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) transcription factor, belonging to the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (ASL/LBD) family, is a key regulator of crown root initiation in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that CRL1 can bind, both in vitro and in vivo, not only the LBD-box, a DNA sequence recognized by several ASL/LBD transcription factors, but also another not previously identified DNA motif that was named CRL1-box.

Distinct Mineralogy and Age of Individual Lava Flows in Atla Regio, Venus Derived From Magellan Radar Emissivity.

NASA's Magellan mission revealed that many Venus highlands exhibit low radar emissivity values at higher altitudes. This phenomenon is ascribed to the presence of minerals having high dielectric constants, produced or stabilized by temperature-dependent chemical weathering between the rocks and the atmosphere. Some large volcanoes on Venus have multiple reductions of radar emissivity at varying altitudes.