Mass Spectrometric Detection of Keratins in Tear Fluid.

Purpose: Keratin contamination is a common problem in mass spectrometry proteomic analyses, particularly in bottom-up mass spectrometry. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein contaminants introduced during the proteomic analysis of tear fluid.

Methods: Human tear fluid samples were collected using Schirmer strips.

Insight into the changes of European agriculture during the age of Baroque and enlightenment: Interdisciplinary survey of manor farmyard Švamberk (Czech Republic).

Following European exploration of the Americas in the late 15th century, new plants rapidly spread across Europe. Simultaneously, plants from Asia and Africa arrived. Initially, they were grown in ornamental gardens but later became integral to major production centres, significantly transforming European agriculture.

Proteomic Alterations in Retinal Müller Glial Cells Lacking Interleukin-6 Receptor: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Purpose: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in various retinal pathologies and functions primarily through two signaling pathways: cis-signaling via IL-6 binding to its membrane-bound receptor (IL-6Rα), and trans-signaling via IL-6 binding to soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). Because the differential effects of IL-6 signaling in retinal Müller glial cells (MGCs) remain unclear, we generated an MGC-specific Il6ra-/- knockout (KO) mouse to eliminate IL-6Rα and, consequently, IL-6 cis-signaling in MGCs. In this study, we examined the proteomic changes in MGCs isolated from KO mice lacking a functional IL-6Rα.