Two different sulfotransferases modify sugars of the N-linked tetrasaccharide decorating glycoproteins.

Unlabelled: Despite providing the first example of archaeal N-glycosylation almost 50 years ago, detailed insight into the pathway used by to assemble and attach an N-linked tetrasaccharide decorating glycoproteins in this haloarchaea has only recently appeared. Still, numerous components of this pathway remain to be identified, including sulfotransferase(s), which modify the third and fourth tetrasaccharide sugars. In the present report, a series of bioinformatics, genetic, biochemical, and structural approaches served to reveal how membrane-associated VNG1056C and soluble VNG1057C respectively sulfate the iduronic acid at tetrasaccharide position three and the terminal glucuronic acid, seemingly independent of each other.

A Deep Dive Into the Study of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction via Design of Experiments.

A design of experiments (DoE) approach is applied to the study of nitrogen (N)-doped carbons prepared via a molten salt templating method using the eutectic salt lithium chloride/potassium chloride (LiCl/KCl) and the precursors sucrose and melamine (N precursor). This approach is used to deconvolute effects from surface composition and porosity on the electrocatalytic performance of N-doped carbons as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. Additionally, DoE is implemented to reveal the synthesis-structure-function relationship for the prepared materials over an entire design space.

Versatile Features of an Antibody Mimetic Peptide and Its Variants.

Antibody mimetic peptides have evolved as versatile tools for biomedical applications, based on their ability to interfere with protein-protein interactions. We had previously designed a functional mimic of the broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody b12 that recognizes the CD4 binding site of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. The molecular details of the interaction of a linear variant of this peptide (H1H3s) with gp120 have now been characterized through cross-linking mass spectrometry, confirming the proposed involvement of the CD4 binding site of gp120 in the interaction.

Non-invasive physical plasma improves conventional wound management of cut and bite wounds in wild European hedgehogs.

Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) has been used effectively for wound healing in human medicine for over two decades. The advantages are that NIPP has few side effects, is painless and gentle on the tissue. The therapeutic effect is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Methods for Visualizing and Quantifying Cholesterol Distribution in Mammalian Cells Using Filipin and D4 Probes.

Cholesterol is a key component of biological membranes and, like many cellular lipids, is unevenly distributed among organelles. Disruptions in cholesterol trafficking are associated with various pathologies, including lysosomal lipid storage disorders, often characterized by intracellular cholesterol accumulation. A significant challenge in studying cholesterol trafficking is the lack of easy methods to trace this molecule in situ.