Temperature changes: The conceptual realignment of a quantity term.

Recently, John McCaskey (2020) has proposed that the arrival of Daniel Fahrenheit's thermometers precipitated the eighteenth-century conceptual change of temperature. I examine the usage of the temperature term in the Philosophical Transactions for this period, leading from the creation of the Fahrenheit thermometer up to the first employment of numerical temperature within the journal, in which temperature is constituted by a numerical value. I identify four strands linking thermometry and meteorology to temperature's conceptual change: the weather data network of James Jurin; the dissemination and acclaim for Fahrenheit thermometers; a resurgence in the usage of temperature in meteorological writing; and both exploratory usage and a broadening of the term's extent as it realigned to thermometry.

4G cloning: rapid gene assembly for expression of multisubunit protein complexes in diverse hosts.

Multisubunit protein complexes are central to many cellular processes, and studying their activities and structures in vitro requires reconstitution via recombinant expression and purification. Obtaining targets at sufficient purity and scale typically involves screening several protein variants and expression hosts. Existing cloning strategies enable co-expression but are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and host-specific, or involve error-prone steps.

Breathing Pattern Disorder: Translating Breathing at Rest to Exercise.

Breathing pattern disorder (BPD) is an abnormal pattern of ventilation and movements of the upper and lower ribcage and abdomen that results in a constellation of symptoms. This paper discusses the management of BPD from a technical standpoint. Since there is not a one-size-fits-all model for practice, we offer a toolbox approach to care with quick reference tables and diagrams that allow the practitioner to easily find treatement approaches that may suite their athlete.