Dog swimming and ectoparasiticide water contamination in urban conservation areas: A case study on Hampstead Heath, London.

Widespread occurrence of two ectoparasiticide compounds in the aquatic environment, imidacloprid and fipronil, have prompted concerns about their potential environmental impacts. However, very little focus has been placed on water bodies in urban green spaces used for dog swimming. In this study, occurrence of both substances on Hampstead Heath, London, was compared in ponds with (n = 3) and without dog swimming activity (n = 3), as well as connecting streams above, between, and below these ponds (n = 6).

AHHME: A model for estimating the holistic cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial resistance interventions in food animal production.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a global priority for human health, and reducing antimicrobial use in food animals has been suggested as a key area for interventions aiming to reduce resistant infections in humans. In addition to the effect on human health, such interventions may have effects across food animal productivity, healthcare sector costs, and the broader macroeconomy, but these effects are rarely captured in the AMR health economic literature. Without being able to estimate these effects, it is difficult to understand the true cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship interventions in food animal production, or to correctly design and prioritise such interventions.

Long-term impact of gastropexy on use of acid-reducing medication, second operations for gastroesophageal reflux and subjective reflux symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy.

We investigated whether adding gastropexy to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) reduced gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients operated for severe obesity, assessed mainly by use of anti-reflux medication (ARM) and second operations due to GERD worsening. In a prospective non-randomized study, patients undergoing SG at two Norwegian hospitals were included from 2011 to 2015 and followed for 7 years. GERD was defined by regular use of ARM, and epigastric pain and heartburn were measured by the Rome II questionnaire.

A Meta-Analysis to Estimate Prevalence of Resistance to Tetracyclines and Third Generation Cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Food Crops.

Application of human and animal waste to fields and water sources and on-farm antimicrobial usage are documented contributors to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in agricultural domains. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (TET) and third generation cephalosporins (3GC) in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from food crops. TET was selected in view of its wide use in agriculture, whereas 3GC were selected because of the public health concerns of reported resistance to these critically important antibiotics in the environment.

Changing food systems and infectious disease risks in low-income and middle-income countries.

The emergence of COVID-19 has drawn the attention of health researchers sharply back to the role that food systems can play in generating human disease burden. But emerging pandemic threats are just one dimension of the complex relationship between agriculture and infectious disease, which is evolving rapidly, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) that are undergoing rapid food system transformation. We examine this changing relationship through four current disease issues.