Publications by authors named "J E Varner"
Viruses can be designed to be tools and carrier vehicles for intratumoural immunotherapy. Their nanometre-scale size and shape allow for functionalization with or encapsulation of medical cargoes and tissue-specific ligands. Importantly, immunotherapies may particularly benefit from the inherent immunomodulatory properties of viruses.
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- This study aimed to analyze the hemodynamics of a new animal model of Fontan physiology, which is important for understanding poor long-term outcomes in Fontan patients.
- Researchers created a single-stage Fontan model in juvenile sheep and conducted detailed hemodynamic assessments.
- Results showed that only a fraction of the sheep survived, with survival rates improving over time due to a learning curve; the study identified key hemodynamic characteristics but noted anatomical differences that affected the model's accuracy, suggesting surgical modifications could enhance future studies.
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis particularly in the metastatic setting. Treatments with anti-programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in combination with chemotherapies have demonstrated promising clinical benefit in metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) but there is still an unmet need, particularly for patients with PD-L1 negative tumors. Mechanisms of resistance to ICIs in mTNBC include the presence of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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- - Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is an option for treating refractory epilepsy when surgery isn't viable, and this study explored using non-invasive methods like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) for presurgical evaluations instead of invasive techniques.
- - The study reviewed nine patients who underwent RNS placement, finding that MEG successfully characterized the irritative zone in eight patients, while TMS successfully mapped eloquent cortex areas in eight out of nine patients.
- - The results indicated that patients evaluated with non-invasive methods saw an average seizure reduction of 77%, similar to the 75% experienced by those evaluated invasively, suggesting that TMS and MEG are promising alternatives for optimizing R